Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia (glucose) that result from defects in insulin secretion or action, or both.
Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes (as here) was first identified as a disease associated with "sweet urine," and excessive muscle loss in the Ancient World. Elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) lead to spillage of glucose into the urine, hence the term sweet urine.
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Insulin is a hormone needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life.
Because diabetics have a problem with insulin, your body can not use glucose (blood sugar) for energy, resulting in high levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and the possible need to urinate sugar out of their bodies. As a result. . . Diabetics can literally starve.